By We Level Up | Author Nam Tran, PharmD | Editorial Policy | Research Policy

Binge eating disorder (BED) affects millions of people across the world. BED is a mental health condition in which people experience a lack of control over eating. It is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. 

Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is a recurring pattern that can lead to significant physical and emotional distress.

If you or someone you know struggles with binge eating, it’s important to understand that help is available. With proper treatment and support, it’s possible to overcome this disorder and develop a healthier relationship with food. 

In this article, we explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for binge eating disorder. The goal is to provide you with the knowledge and tools to take the first steps towards recovery.

Key Takeaways

• Binge eating is a serious mental health disorder characterized by recurrent consumption of large amounts of food in a short period, followed by feelings of guilt and lack of control.
• Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States, affecting people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Women are slightly more likely to develop the condition than men.
• Binge eating disorder is distinct from bulimia nervosa, as it does not involve regular compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives after binge episodes.
• Risk factors for binge eating disorder include a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental influences. The condition often occurs with other mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.
• Treatment options for binge eating disorder include medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. A comprehensive approach can address these different aspects and improve overall well-being.
• Supporting loved ones with binge eating disorder involves offering empathy, understanding, and encouragement to seek professional help. Prevention strategies include mindful eating, managing stress, and building a support network.

Prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating disorder is more common than you might think. It affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Around the world, about 17.3 million people will experience binge eating disorder during their lifetime.

Distinction Between Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder

Bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder share some similarities, but they’re distinct conditions. Understanding the differences can help you recognize the signs and seek appropriate treatment.

Binge Eating Disorder Symptoms

Binge eating disorder symptoms can vary from person to person. But, there are some common signs and behaviors to watch for:

1. Recurring episodes of binge eating: You consume large amounts of food in a short time, often until you feel uncomfortably full. These episodes occur at least once a week for three months or more.
2. Feeling a lack of control during binges: You feel like you can’t stop eating or control how much you eat during a binge episode. You might keep eating even when you’re full.
3. Eating alone or in secret: You may feel embarrassed or ashamed about your eating habits, leading you to eat alone or hide your binge episodes from others.
4. Feeling distressed or guilty after bingeing: After a binge, you may experience intense feelings of shame, guilt, or self-loathing. These negative emotions can contribute to a cycle of binge eating.
5. No regular compensatory behaviors: Unlike bulimia nervosa, you don’t regularly engage in purging behaviors like self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics after a binge.
6. Eating faster than normal: During a binge episode, you may eat much more quickly than usual, often to the point of discomfort.
7. Eating large amounts when not hungry: You may find yourself binge eating even when you’re not physically hungry, often in response to emotional triggers or stress.

If you experience these symptoms and feel distressed about your eating habits, it’s important to seek help from a healthcare professional. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and guide you toward appropriate treatment options.

Risk Factors and Causes of Binge Eating Disorder

While the exact cause of binge eating disorder is unknown, various factors can contribute to its development. These factors may include a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental influences.

Co-occurring Conditions with Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating disorder often co-occurs with other mental health conditions and physical health issues. Addressing these co-occurring conditions is critical for effective treatment and recovery.

Mental Health Disorders

People with binge eating disorder may also struggle with depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. These mental health conditions can trigger binge eating episodes or worsen existing symptoms. Trauma, stress, and low self-esteem are also common among those with the disorder.

Physical Health Issues

Binge eating disorder can lead to obesity and related health problems, such as:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Joint pain
• Sleep apnea
• Digestive issues

These physical health issues can further affect a person’s quality of life and self-esteem.

Binge Eating Disorder Diagnosis

Binge eating disorder is a serious mental health condition. If you suspect that you or a loved one may have this disorder, it’s critical to seek professional help.

Binge Eating Disorder Definition

Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of copious or excessive food consumption in a short period. During these episodes, you feel a lack of control over your eating. 

You may eat rapidly, even when not hungry, and continue eating until uncomfortably full. Afterward, you likely experience feelings of shame, guilt, and distress. 

Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating episodes are not followed by purging behaviors.

Diagnostic Procedures for Binge Eating Disorder

If you think you or a loved one may have binge eating disorder, it’s important to see a healthcare provider. They can give an accurate diagnosis and recommend treatment options.

Your healthcare provider will observe you and ask questions according to the diagnostic criteria that was previously described.

Your healthcare provider may also:

• Do a physical exam to check your overall health
• Review your medical and family history
• Ask about medicines you take that might cause weight gain
• Screen for mental health conditions like depression and anxiety

You may need to see more than one healthcare provider to get a complete evaluation. This could include a primary care healthcare provider, psychiatrist, and nutritionist. Some providers specialize in eating disorders.

There’s no single medical test to diagnose binge eating disorder. But lab tests can rule out other physical causes of your symptoms. You might get blood tests to check for problems like thyroid disease.

Be honest with your healthcare provider about your eating patterns and how you feel. It’s the only way they can help create the right treatment plan for you. With an accurate diagnosis, you can start working toward managing BED and improving your health.

Treatment Options for Binge Eating Disorder

If you’re struggling with binge eating disorder (BED), know that effective treatments are available. A comprehensive approach combining medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes can help you effectively manage symptoms and improve your overall well-being.

Medications for Binge Eating Disorder

Medications can play a role in treating BED alongside therapy. 

Vyvanse for Binge Eating

Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine), a stimulant medication, is the first FDA-approved drug specifically for treating BED in adults. It works by regulating the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which can help control impulsive eating behaviors. Vyvanse may reduce binge eating episodes, and decrease obsessive thoughts about food.

Other Medications

Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), to help regulate mood and reduce binge eating episodes. Topiramate, an anticonvulsant, has also shown some effectiveness in reducing binge eating frequency and promoting weight loss.

Psychotherapy Approaches

Psychotherapy is a cornerstone of BED treatment. 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to binge eating. You’ll learn coping strategies, stress management techniques, and healthy eating habits. 

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) combines CBT with mindfulness practices and emotional regulation to help reduce impulsive behaviors. DBT has shown some effectiveness in treating binge eating disorder, there is less evidence in the scientific literature. More studies may be needed for further development and improvement.

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) focuses on improving relationships and communication skills, as interpersonal issues can trigger binge eating. IPT may be appropriate for patients who have relationship difficulties that are contributing towards their binge eating disorder.

Prevention Strategies for Binge Eating Disorder

While there’s no sure way to prevent binge eating disorder, you can take steps to reduce risk:

1. Avoid pressure to conform to societal beauty ideals and standards
2. Develop a strong identity and healthy sense of self-esteem
3. Recognize warning signs of eating disorders (like constant dieting and social withdrawal)
4. Seek help early, as intervention can prevent the disorder from worsening

Ongoing scientific research is working on developing more effective methods and strategies for the prevention of eating disorders.

If you’re struggling with binge eating disorder, you’re not alone. Support and resources are available for this challenging condition.

Frequently Asked Questions