What is EMDR Therapy? EMDR Process, Dangers & Effectiveness. EMDR for PTSD, Anxiety, OCD, trauma, Addiction, Depression, ADHD & BPD. Discover We Level Up EMDR Therapy Near Me Programs?

We Level Up Treatment Centers Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment procedure which is widely accepted and used in clinical settings. Developed as an effective technique for alleviating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is used in a wide variety of cases like phobias, anxiety, and pain management. Continue for more about EMDR therapy's advantage and disadvantage for mental health care.

By We Level Up | Editor Yamilla Francese | Clinically Reviewed By Lauren Barry, LMFT, MCAP, QS, Director of Quality Assurance | Medically Reviewed by Ali Nikbakht, PsyD | Editorial Policy | Research Policy | Last Updated: January 2, 2024

EMDR Therapy

We Level Up Treatment Centers offer EMDR therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing at select locations. This psychotherapy alleviates the distress linked with traumatic experiences and memories. It is based on the (AIP) Adaptive Information Processing model, which suggests that symptoms of psychological distress arise when traumatic or distressing experiences are not adequately processed and stored in the brain’s memory networks. Call to learn about the We Level Up EMDR therapy program availability. We Level Up EMDR facilities and treatment are subject to change.

What is EMDR Therapy (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)?

You can experience healing and relief from trauma with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing or EMDR therapy. EMDR therapy is a mental health treatment technique that aims to bring you lasting resolution and inner peace by guiding your eyes in a specific pattern while processing traumatic memories. Don’t let the past define you. Discover the transformative power of EMDR therapy. Call our EMDR specialists today.

How Does EMDR therapy Work?

EMDR therapy typically involves several phases, including history taking, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation of positive beliefs, and closure. The EMDR therapist works collaboratively with the individual to identify target memories or experiences, facilitate the reprocessing, and help the person develop coping strategies and adaptive beliefs.

Numerous scientific studies have supported the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions, showing significant symptom reduction and improved psychological well-being. The exact mechanisms of action are still being investigated, but EMDR therapy is believed to promote adaptive information processing and neurobiological changes that lead to therapeutic benefits.

Who Needs To Have EMDR Consulting?

EMDR therapy may not be suitable for everyone, and an initial assessment by a qualified mental health professional is recommended to determine if EMDR is an appropriate treatment approach for an individual’s specific situation and needs.

It can be beneficial for people who are struggling with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, phobias, grief, or other mental health conditions related to past trauma.

EMDR therapy is suitable for adults and young populations who have a capacity for self-reflection and can engage in therapeutic processing. It can be used in various settings, including individual therapy, couples therapy, or group therapy, depending on the specific needs of the individual.

Why is EMDR Treatment Used?

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) treatment addresses and alleviates the distressing symptoms associated with traumatic experiences and other adverse life events.

What Conditions and Problems Does EMDR Treat?

Here are some key reasons why EMDR treatment is commonly employed:

  • EMDR for PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder): EMDR is mainly known for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. It helps individuals process traumatic memories, reduce their emotional intensity, and alleviate symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and hypervigilance.
  • EMDR for Trauma and Adverse Experiences: EMDR therapy addresses a range of traumatic experiences beyond PTSD, including childhood abuse, neglect, accidents, natural disasters, combat trauma, and other distressing life events. It aims to help individuals reprocess and integrate these experiences to reduce their negative impact on mental health and daily functioning.
  • EMDR for Anxiety, Phobias, and Panic Disorders: EMDR effectively treats anxiety, phobias, and panic disorders. By targeting the underlying traumatic or distressing memories that contribute to these conditions, EMDR helps individuals reduce anxiety symptoms and regain a sense of control and safety.
  • EMDR for Depression and Mood Disorders: EMDR therapy may be utilized as an adjunctive treatment for depression and mood disorders, mainly when there is a history of trauma.
  • EMDR for Personality disorders: EMDR is not a first-line treatment for personality disorders but can sometimes be used as a complementary therapy in conjunction with other evidence-based treatments. Borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder may benefit from EMDR therapy.
  • Self-Esteem and Performance Enhancement: EMDR treatment can address low self-esteem, anxiety, and self-limiting beliefs. By reprocessing negative memories and experiences that contribute to these issues, individuals can develop a more positive self-perception and improve performance in various areas of life.
  • EMDR for OCD: EMDR therapy may be utilized as an adjunctive treatment for OCD, mainly when there is a history of trauma.

Overall, EMDR treatment is used to help individuals process and heal from past traumatic or distressing experiences, alleviate associated symptoms, and promote psychological resilience and well-being.

EMDR Treatment Effectiveness Chart

Research FindingsEMDR has effectively reduced anxiety symptoms related to trauma, but further research is needed for specific anxiety disorders.
PTSD TreatmentStrong evidence for significantly reducing symptoms of PTSD and trauma-related distress.
Anxiety DisordersEMDR shows promise in addressing phobias from traumatic experiences, although more research is needed.
DepressionEMDR shows promise in addressing phobias originating from traumatic experiences, although more research is needed.
PhobiasEMDR may help reduce depressive symptoms, particularly in trauma patients. Additional research is necessary.
Consult with a qualified We Level Up EMDR therapist to discuss the suitability of EMDR therapy for your specific needs and circumstances. The effectiveness of EMDR can vary individually, and professional guidance ensures proper application and treatment outcomes. Consultation calls are free and confidential.

Adaptive Information Processing Model for therapy EMDR

The Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model is a theoretical framework that underlies EMDR therapy. It suggests that psychological distress arises when disturbing experiences are not processed and integrated into an individual’s existing memory networks.

According to the AIP model, traumatic or distressing experiences can become “stuck” in the person’s memory and remain unprocessed. These memories contain the emotions, beliefs, and sensations associated with the original experience and continue to generate distressing symptoms. The AIP model suggests that individuals can transform the negative thoughts and emotions related to the memory, leading to symptom reduction and developing more adaptive coping mechanisms by reprocessing the traumatic memories within a safe therapeutic context.

EMDR Reveals How Our Brains Store Memories

EMDR taps into the unique way our brains store normal and traumatic memories. In normal circumstances, memories are seamlessly stored and connected to other experiences. But during times of distress, this natural networking process falters, leaving a disconnect between our sensory experiences and how our brains encode them. This leads to the improper storage of trauma memories, preventing healthy healing and leaving us vulnerable to pain.

The impact of trauma is far-reaching. Traumatic events can intertwine with our daily lives, reinforcing negative emotions and disrupting the links between our senses and memories. It’s like a wound that never properly heals, causing our minds to become hypersensitive to triggers related to the trauma.

Even suppressed memories can wreak havoc on our well-being. Like learning not to touch a hot stove, our minds attempt to protect us by burying painful memories. But the suppression is imperfect, leaving room for negative symptoms and behaviors to resurface.

Triggers are the key that unlocks this intricate web of improperly stored memories. Sights, sounds, and smells that remind us of traumatic events can catapult us into overwhelming emotions, such as fear, anxiety, anger, or panic.

Enter EMDR – the breakthrough therapy that rewires our responses to trauma. By accessing these memories in a controlled and structured manner, combined with eye movements and guided instructions, EMDR helps us reprocess the negative events. This powerful reprocessing repairs the mental injuries caused by trauma, transforming the way we remember and how we feel about it.

Imagine a life where remembering the past no longer feels like reliving it. EMDR offers the possibility of a future where the weight of trauma is lifted, and we can finally regain control.

What Does EMDR Therapy Involve?

EMDR therapy involves a structured and comprehensive approach to address trauma and distressing life experiences. Therapists who conduct EMDR treatment are required to undergo specific EMDR training. This training typically includes didactic instruction, supervised practice, and completion of a certain number of EMDR therapy sessions under supervision. Therapists need to receive comprehensive EMDR training to ensure they have the necessary knowledge and skills to provide effective and safe treatment to their clients. Moreover, therapists may pursue additional advanced training or certifications in EMDR to enhance their expertise in this therapeutic approach.

While EMDR therapy primarily involves bilateral stimulation techniques, such as eye movements or other forms of sensory input, some therapists may choose to incorporate calming music into the therapy sessions. The purpose of using EMDR music is to create a soothing and supportive environment, helping to enhance relaxation, emotional regulation, and the overall therapeutic experience.

An EMDR light bar is a tool used in EMDR therapy that provides bilateral visual stimulation by emitting alternating lights that move back and forth horizontally or vertically, facilitating the client’s eye movements during the therapy session. However, there are some other options or tools used in EMDR. Remote EMDR is also available. It refers to conducting EMDR therapy sessions remotely or online, using video conferencing platforms, when in-person sessions are not feasible or accessible.

The goal of EMDR therapy is to reduce the emotional and physiological distress associated with memory and promote adaptive resolution of the trauma, leading to symptom reduction and improved overall well-being.
EMDR meaning, The goal of EMDR therapy is to reduce the emotional and physiological distress associated with memory and promote adaptive resolution of the trauma, leading to symptom reduction and improved overall well-being.

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Meet Our EMDR Team!

Brent Lyles, LMHC Clinical Psychotherapist, EMDR Trained
Clinical Psychotherapist

Brent Lyles is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who specializes in trauma-based therapies. He is an experiential therapist, a student of lived experiences, and a full-time geek. Brent is a has a passion for experiential therapies, trauma-based techniques, rooted in Gestalt and EMDR. His extensive expertise in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Care-confrontation forms a strong foundation for guiding clients towards acceptance and transformative change. Brent is recognized for his innovative approach, which seamlessly combines various therapeutic methods. He utilizes interactive psychoeducation, trauma-informed exposure, and a processing approach to empower clients in their healing journey and self-discovery.

EMDR Definition

Psychologist Dr. Francine Shapiro developed EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a psychotherapy approach to help individuals process and heal from traumatic experiences. EMDR therapy aims to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories by targeting and reprocessing them.

EMDR Process

What is EMDR treatment process? The EMDR process incorporates several steps. EMDR therapy process begins with the following:

1. History and Assessment: The therapist gathers information about the individual’s history, traumatic experiences, and current symptoms to create a comprehensive treatment plan.

2. Preparation: The individual and therapist establish a safe and trusting environment and teach coping mechanisms to manage emotional distress.

3. Identification of Target: The specific memory or aspect of the trauma is identified for reprocessing.

4. Desensitization: The individual focuses on the identified target memory while directing attention to bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, tapping, or auditory tones.

5. Installation: Positive and adaptive beliefs are strengthened to replace negative and maladaptive beliefs associated with traumatic memory.

6. Body Scan: The therapist assesses for any residual physical sensations related to the memory and helps the individual process and integrate them.

7. Closure: At the end of each session, the therapist ensures that the individual feels a sense of stability and calmness before leaving.

8. Reevaluation: Progress is periodically reviewed to ensure comprehensive healing and address any remaining issues.

Dangers of EMDR Therapy

The dangers of EMDR therapy include the provision of treatment to ill-suited patients. The dangers of EMDR therapy should account for the several factors discussed below. However, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is generally considered safe when administered by trained and licensed professionals.

Is EMDR dangerous? As with any therapeutic approach, there are some considerations to keep in mind:

  1. Suitability: While EMDR benefits many individuals, it may not suit everyone. A complete assessment by a trained EMDR therapist should be conducted before beginning therapy.
  2. Psychological Stability: Individuals with severe mental health conditions or unstable psychological states may require alternative therapy or a combination of treatments.
  3. Emotional Intensity: EMDR may elicit intense emotions and memories during therapy sessions, which should be managed with appropriate support.
  4. Emotional Vulnerability: Individuals with severe emotional instability, acute mental health conditions, or recent traumatic experiences may require alternative or adjunct treatments. It’s essential to have a thorough assessment by a qualified professional to determine suitability.
  5. Potentially Overwhelming Content: EMDR therapy may involve revisiting traumatic memories or disturbing experiences. The therapist should carefully manage and support this process to minimize distress.
  6. Lack of Regulation: EMDR therapy should only be provided by trained and licensed mental health professionals who have completed appropriate certification and supervision. It’s crucial to ensure that your therapist is qualified to deliver EMDR safely.
  7. Potential Side Effects: While side effects are limited, some individuals may experience temporary headaches, dizziness, vivid dreams, or heightened emotions. These effects are typically short-term and usually subside after the session.

Consult with a qualified mental health professional experienced in EMDR therapy to discuss potential risks and benefits based on your circumstances. They can provide guidance and support to ensure your safety throughout the EMDR treatment process.

EMDR Side Effects

EMDR Side Effects

While side effects of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy are generally rare, some individuals may experience temporary and mild side effects during or after sessions. These can include:

  1. Temporary Distress: Engaging in EMDR therapy can sometimes lead to an increase in distress or emotional intensity during the reprocessing phase. This is a normal part of the therapy process and typically subsides as therapy progresses.
  2. Vivid Dreams: Some individuals may report having more vivid dreams after an EMDR session. These dreams often reflect the processing of emotions and experiences related to the targeted memories but are usually temporary.
  3. Temporary Headaches or Dizziness: Occasionally, individuals may experience temporary headaches or dizziness during or after an EMDR session. This can be related to intense emotional processing and bilateral stimulation in therapy.
  4. Heightened Emotional State: EMDR therapy may temporarily heighten emotions, particularly immediately following a session. It is not uncommon to feel more sensitive or emotional during this time.
  5. Fatigue: Some individuals may feel temporarily fatigued after an EMDR session, as the therapy process can be emotionally and mentally demanding.

EMDR side effects are generally short-term and tend to diminish as therapy progresses. It’s crucial to communicate any concerns or experiences of side effects with your therapist, who can provide guidance and support throughout the EMDR treatment process. EMDR therapy should always be undertaken with a trained and licensed mental health professional to ensure proper application and monitoring of potential side effects.

EMDR Treatment Effectiveness For Mental Health Disorders

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy has been extensively researched and has shown effectiveness in treating various mental health conditions, especially those associated with traumatic experiences. Here is an overview of its effectiveness in different disorders:

PTSD

EMDR for PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

EMDR for PTSD therapy is considered one of the most effective treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Numerous therapy for PTSD EMDR studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, and hyperarousal symptoms. Thus EMDR and PTSD treatment can be suitable complementary modalities. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR treatment for PTSD therapy, is widely recognized as an effective treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is recommended by various mental health organizations, including the American Psychiatric Association and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), as a first-line treatment for PTSD.

The primary goal of EMDR therapy for PTSD is to help individuals process traumatic memories and alleviate associated distressing symptoms. By targeting the stored traumatic memories and facilitating their reprocessing, EMDR enables individuals to develop new, adaptive associations with those memories and reduce the emotional and physiological responses triggered by them. During EMDR therapy sessions, the therapist guides the individual in focusing on specific traumatic memories while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, taps, or auditory tones. Through this process, distressing symptoms associated with the traumatic memories can be desensitized and reprocessed, reducing their impact over time.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR in significantly reducing PTSD symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, hypervigilance, and emotional distress. It is as effective as other evidence-based treatments for PTSD, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and can lead to long-term improvements in overall well-being. EMDR therapy for PTSD should be conducted by a trained and licensed professional who specializes in trauma and is experienced in delivering EMDR. This ensures the appropriate application of the therapy and tailored treatment for individual needs.

How does EMDR for CPTSD work?

EMDR for Complex PTSD

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a widely recognized and practical treatment approach for individuals with Complex PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). Complex PTSD typically arises from experiencing repeated or prolonged traumatic events, such as childhood abuse, neglect, or interpersonal violence.

EMDR therapy can be particularly beneficial for individuals with Complex PTSD because it targets the disorder’s specific symptoms and underlying causes. EMDR helps individuals process traumatic memories, negative beliefs, and emotions associated with their past experiences.

During EMDR sessions, the therapist guides individuals to focus on specific traumatic memories or distressing aspects of their past while engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations. The bilateral stimulation helps stimulate both sides of the brain, facilitating the reprocessing of traumatic memories and enabling the individual to develop more adaptive and healthier beliefs about themselves and their traumatic experiences.

By addressing the core symptoms and components of Complex PTSD, such as emotional dysregulation, negative self-perceptions, and difficulties with trust and relationships, EMDR can promote healing and alleviate distressing symptoms.

Interested in connecting with a licensed We Level Up mental health professional who specializes in treating Complex PTSD and has experience in EMDR therapy? The We Level Up EMDR treatment specialists can help tailor the therapy to your needs and guide you through the EMDR process to ensure your safety and well-being. Call today to learn more.

In addition to EMDR, a Complex PTSD treatment plan may include other therapeutic approaches, such as trauma-focused psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and self-care strategies to support your recovery journey.

Does EMDR work for childhood trauma?

EMDR for Childhood Trauma

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an evidence-based therapy approach commonly used to address and heal the effects of childhood trauma. Childhood trauma can have long-lasting impacts on one’s emotional, psychological, and interpersonal well-being, and EMDR can be an effective treatment option for those who have experienced such trauma.

During EMDR therapy for childhood trauma, the therapist helps individuals identify specific traumatic events or distressing memories from their past. These memories may include experiences of abuse, neglect, witnessing violence, or other significant adverse events. Through bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations, individuals are guided to focus on the distressing memories while simultaneously engaging in the bilateral stimulation.

The bilateral stimulation helps stimulate both sides of the brain, facilitating reprocessing of traumatic memories. This allows for integrating and adapting traumatic experiences and associated emotions, beliefs, and physical sensations. The goal is to reduce the traumatic memories’ emotional distress and psychological impact and develop more adaptive beliefs and coping strategies.

EMDR can be particularly beneficial for childhood trauma as it targets the underlying causes and effects, including self-esteem, trust, and emotional regulation issues. It can help individuals gain a greater sense of safety, promote healing, and alleviate symptoms associated with the trauma.

Work with a licensed mental health professional at the We Level Up mental health centers who specializes in trauma and EMDR therapy when addressing childhood trauma. Our specialists can help guide you through therapy, provide a safe and supportive environment, and tailor the treatment to your needs.

EMDR is often part of a comprehensive trauma treatment plan that may include other therapeutic approaches, such as trauma-focused therapy, attachment-based therapy, and self-care strategies to support your healing and recovery from childhood trauma.

Anxiety

Does EMDR Work for Anxiety Treatment?

EMDR effectively treats anxiety. While EMDR was initially developed to help individuals process traumatic memories, it has since been used to treat various mental health issues, including anxiety disorders. During an EMDR session, the therapist helps individuals identify distressing memories, beliefs, and sensations contributing to their anxiety.

EMDR for Anxiety Disorders

EMDR for Anxiety has effectively reduced anxiety symptoms associated with traumatic experiences. However, more research is needed to establish its specific effectiveness in treating various anxiety disorders independently.

EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a therapy commonly used to treat various mental health issues, including anxiety. It was initially developed to help individuals who have experienced trauma, but it has since been found to be effective in treating other conditions, such as anxiety disorders.

The goal of EMDR is to help individuals process traumatic or distressing memories and experiences in a safe and controlled environment. During an EMDR session, the therapist guides the individual in recalling a specific memory or situation while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, which can be achieved through eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations.

Does EMDR work for anxiety?

EMDR Therapy for Anxiety 

EMDR therapy for anxiety uses bilateral stimulation helps to stimulate both sides of the brain, which is believed to facilitate the processing of distressing memories. This process can lead to reprocessing the memory, reducing its emotional intensity and associated anxiety.

EMDR is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms and improving overall well-being. It can help individuals identify and change negative beliefs and perceptions contributing to their anxiety. EMDR can also help individuals develop more positive coping strategies and improve their ability to manage anxiety in the future.

EMDR is a specialized type of therapy that should be conducted by a trained and licensed therapist. If you are interested in exploring EMDR as a treatment option for your anxiety, it’s recommended to consult with a mental health professional who is experienced in this approach. They will be able to assess your specific needs and determine if EMDR is suitable for you.

Can EMDR help with panic attacks? Can EMDR cause panic attacks?

EMDR for Panic Attacks 

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can be an effective treatment option for individuals experiencing panic attacks, especially if the panic attacks are related to past traumatic experiences or distressing memories.

Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense episodes of fear and anxiety, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and a sense of impending doom. While panic attacks can occur without a specific trigger, they can also be associated with underlying traumatic events or experiences.

In EMDR therapy for panic attacks, the therapist helps individuals identify and process any traumatic memories, distressing thoughts, or negative beliefs associated with panic attacks. Through bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations, individuals are guided to focus on these distressing elements while engaging in the bilateral stimulation.

The bilateral stimulation helps facilitate the reprocessing of the distressing memories and associated emotions, leading to a reduction in the intensity and frequency of panic attacks. EMDR can also address and reframe any negative beliefs or cognitive distortions contributing to panic attacks, promoting a greater sense of safety and emotional well-being.

Panic attacks can have various underlying causes, and EMDR may not suit everyone experiencing panic attacks. It is recommended to consult with a mental health professional regarding proper panic attack treatment options.

Can EMDR cause panic attacks?

Some individuals may experience heightened emotional responses during EMDR sessions, which can include anxiety, distress, or, in rare cases, panic attacks. It’s essential to understand that these reactions are typically part of the therapeutic process and can be managed by a trained EMDR therapist.

Here are some factors to consider:

  1. Initial Discomfort: Some individuals may initially experience increased anxiety or distress when revisiting traumatic memories during EMDR sessions. This is a normal part of the process, and therapists are trained to help clients manage and process these emotions.
  2. Safety Measures: EMDR therapists are trained to create a safe and supportive environment for their clients. They will work with you to establish coping strategies and ensure that you can manage any distress that may arise during the session.
  3. Therapist Expertise: The competence and experience of the EMDR therapist are critical. A well-trained therapist can help you navigate the therapy process effectively and minimize any negative reactions.
  4. Gradual Progress: EMDR therapy is typically conducted in a structured and gradual manner, and the therapist will work at a pace that is comfortable for you. They will not rush the process, which can help reduce the likelihood of panic attacks or severe distress.

If you are concerned about experiencing panic attacks or increased anxiety during EMDR therapy, discuss your concerns with your therapist before starting the treatment. They can address your concerns, provide you with information on what to expect, and work with you to develop coping strategies to manage any anxiety or distress that may arise during sessions.

Can EMDR help with phobias?

EMDR for Phobias 

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can be an effective treatment approach for phobias. Phobias are intense and irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities that can significantly impact an individual’s daily life.

During EMDR therapy for phobias, the therapist helps individuals identify the underlying traumatic or distressing experiences contributing to developing or maintaining the phobia. These experiences may be consciously remembered or stored deep in the subconscious mind.

By using bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations, individuals are guided to focus on the distressing memories or situations associated with the phobia while engaging in the bilateral stimulation. This process facilitates the reprocessing of memories and emotions, resulting in a reduction in the fear response associated with the phobia.

EMDR can help individuals explore and reframe negative beliefs, thoughts, and physical sensations contributing to the phobia. The goal is to promote adaptive beliefs and develop new coping strategies to manage the fear and anxiety associated with the phobia.

It is important to note that EMDR for phobias is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. This may include other therapeutic techniques, such as exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and gradual desensitization to the feared object or situation.

If you are considering EMDR for your phobia, it is recommended to consult with a mental health professional who specializes in phobia treatment and has experience with EMDR therapy. They can assess your specific needs and determine if EMDR would be an appropriate treatment option for you.

OCD

EMDR for OCD

EMDR for OCD therapy has shown potential in treating OCD that stems from traumatic experiences. Some individuals with OCD may have experienced traumatic events, and EMDR can help address the emotional impact of those experiences.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy has been studied and used as a potential treatment option for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), although the research on its effectiveness for OCD is limited compared to its use for PTSD.

While EMDR is not typically considered the first-line treatment for OCD, it may be utilized as an adjunct therapy or in cases where specific traumatic experiences or distressing memories contribute to OCD symptoms. Some individuals with OCD may have experienced traumatic events, and EMDR can help address the emotional impact of those experiences.

The primary goal of incorporating EMDR into OCD treatment is to target and process any related traumatic memories, triggers, or distressing experiences that may amplify OCD symptoms. By addressing these underlying factors, individuals may experience a reduction in associated distress and an improvement in their ability to manage OCD symptoms.

It’s important to note that EMDR therapy for OCD should be conducted by a trained and experienced EMDR therapist who understands both OCD and trauma-related treatment approaches. Working with a qualified mental health professional can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan for OCD, which may include EMDR as part of a comprehensive and personalized approach to address individual needs.

Trauma

EMDR for trauma therapy has been shown to reduce symptoms related to traumatic experiences beyond PTSD effectively. These symptoms may include anxiety, depression, distressing memories, avoidance behaviors, and negative self-beliefs.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is designed to address and heal trauma-related experiences. It is widely recognized as an effective treatment for various types of trauma, including single-incident and complex traumas.

The goal of EMDR therapy for trauma is to help individuals process and integrate distressing memories, thoughts, and emotions associated with the traumatic event(s). By reprocessing those memories, the therapy aims to reduce the distressing symptoms and allow the development of new, more adaptive beliefs and behaviors.

During EMDR sessions, the individual works with a trained therapist who guides their attention to the traumatic memories while simultaneously providing bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, taps, or auditory tones. This bilateral stimulation helps process the traumatic memories and the accompanying emotions.

Research has shown that EMDR therapy can effectively reduce trauma-related symptoms, such as intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, emotional distress, and hypervigilance. It is as effective as other evidence-based treatments for trauma, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

A qualified mental health professional with specialized training in EMDR and trauma-focused therapy should conduct EMDR therapy for trauma. This ensures the therapy is delivered safely and effectively, considering the individual’s unique needs and circumstances.

Where you have experienced trauma and are considering EMDR therapy, it’s recommended to consult with a mental health professional who specializes in trauma treatment to assess if EMDR therapy is an appropriate and beneficial option for your specific situation.

Addiction

EMDR for Addiction Treatment

EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is a therapy commonly used to treat various mental health issues, including addiction. While EMDR was initially developed to help individuals process traumatic memories, it has shown promise in addressing underlying emotional issues contributing to addiction.

EMDR for addiction treatment can be utilized to explore and address the root causes of addictive behaviors. This therapy helps individuals identify and process distressing memories, emotions, and beliefs that may contribute to their addiction. By reprocessing these memories in a safe and controlled environment, individuals can reduce the emotional intensity associated with them, leading to decreased cravings and a greater ability to cope with triggers.

EMDR can also help individuals develop healthier coping strategies and address any underlying trauma or unresolved issues that may maintain their addictive behaviors. It’s important to note that EMDR is typically used as part of a comprehensive addiction treatment plan, which may include other therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, and support groups.

EMDR Inpatient Treatment for Addiction

If you are interested in utilizing EMDR for addiction treatment, seek the guidance and support of a licensed therapist who specializes in addiction and is trained in EMDR. They will be able to assess your specific needs and develop a treatment plan tailored to your circumstances.

Please remember that addiction treatment is a complex process, and it is best to work with a comprehensive care team that can provide the necessary support and resources throughout your recovery journey.

Depression

EMDR for Depression

While EMDR therapy primarily focuses on trauma-related distress, it has shown promise in reducing depressive symptoms, particularly in individuals with a trauma history. Further research is required to establish its efficacy for depression as a standalone treatment.

EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is a therapeutic approach that was initially developed to treat trauma-related disorders. However, it has also shown promise as a treatment for depression, particularly for individuals who have experienced adverse life events or have unresolved emotional issues contributing to their depression.

In EMDR therapy for depression, the focus is on identifying and processing negative beliefs, emotions, and memories that may contribute to depressive symptoms. EMDR therapy for depression applies bilateral stimulation, achieved through eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations. Individuals are guided to engage with distressing memories or situations while simultaneously focusing on bilateral stimulation.

During an EMDR session, the therapist helps individuals reprocess these distressing experiences and beliefs to reduce their emotional impact and promote the development of more positive and adaptive beliefs. By addressing and reprocessing these underlying causes of depression, individuals may experience reduced depressive symptoms and improved overall well-being.

It is important to note that EMDR should be conducted by a trained and licensed therapist with experience working with depression and EMDR therapy. They will be able to properly assess your needs and determine if EMDR is a suitable treatment option for you.

Although EMDR has shown promise in treating depression, it is usually part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may include other therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication management, and lifestyle changes.

If you want to explore EMDR for your depression, consult a mental health professional who can guide you and determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your circumstances.

Does EMDR work for BPD?

EMDR for BPD Disorder

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can be used as a therapy approach for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), particularly for those who have experienced traumatic events or have unresolved emotional issues contributing to their symptoms.

BPD is a complex mental health condition characterized by persistent difficulties with emotions, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and impulsivity. It is often associated with a history of trauma or adverse life experiences. EMDR therapy has shown promise in helping individuals with BPD by addressing and processing these underlying traumatic experiences or distressing memories.

EMDR is typically used to help individuals process and reframe distressing memories or traumatic experiences contributing to emotional dysregulation and negative core beliefs associated with BPD. Bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations, is used during therapy to facilitate processing these memories, reducing their emotional intensity and promoting adaptive beliefs and healthier coping strategies.

It’s important to note that EMDR for BPD should be integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan that includes other therapeutic interventions, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoeducation. These approaches are designed to address the core symptoms and challenges of BPD.

If you think that EMDR may be helpful for your BPD symptoms, get help from a mental health professional who specializes in treating BPD and has experience with EMDR therapy. They will be able to assess your specific needs and determine if EMDR is a suitable treatment option for you, either as a primary therapy or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Can EMDR help with grief?

EMDR Grief Treatment

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can be a helpful therapeutic approach for individuals experiencing grief. While EMDR was initially developed to treat trauma-related disorders, it is effective in helping individuals process and cope with grief.

Grief is a natural response to experiencing loss, such as the death of a loved one, and it can involve a range of emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations. EMDR can assist individuals in processing the distressing aspects of grief, such as painful memories, guilt, regrets, or unresolved feelings associated with the loss.

During EMDR sessions, the therapist helps individuals focus on specific memories or aspects of the loss while engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, auditory tones, or tactile sensations. This process facilitates reprocessing distressing memories and emotions, reducing the intensity of grief-related symptoms.

EMDR can aid individuals in addressing and restructuring any negative beliefs or emotions associated with the loss. It can also help them develop healthier coping skills and greater acceptance and meaning as they work through their grief.

It’s important to highlight that everyone experiences grief differently, and the therapeutic approach, including the use of EMDR, should be tailored to the individual’s unique needs. It is recommended to seek the support of a licensed mental health professional who specializes in grief counseling and is trained in EMDR to guide you through the process.

Grief counseling can involve therapeutic approaches besides EMDR, such as talk therapy, support groups, and other coping strategies. A personalized treatment plan can be developed to support the individual’s grief journey and assist them in finding healing, acceptance, and adjustment to life after the loss.

ADHD

EMDR for ADHD

While EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is not typically used as a primary treatment for ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), it may be incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan for individuals with ADHD who also have co-occurring conditions such as trauma, anxiety, or depression.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The primary treatment approaches for ADHD usually involve a combination of behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and medication management.

However, if individuals with ADHD also have unresolved trauma or emotional issues contributing to their symptoms, EMDR therapy can be considered part of their overall treatment plan. EMDR may help address and process traumatic experiences, negative beliefs, or emotional distress that might exacerbate ADHD symptoms or impact overall well-being.

If you are considering EMDR as a treatment option for ADHD, work with a qualified mental health professional who has experience in using EMDR for ADHD therapy and who can properly assess your specific needs. They can determine if EMDR would be beneficial as a complementary treatment to address any trauma or emotional issues impacting your ADHD symptoms.

EMDR should be used within the context of a comprehensive treatment plan. This may include other interventions, such as psychotherapy, behavioral interventions, and medication, to address the core symptoms of ADHD and develop effective strategies for managing the condition.

Consulting with a mental health professional who specializes in ADHD and has experience with EMDR therapy is recommended to assess whether EMDR would be appropriate for your circumstances.

Individual experiences can vary, and the effectiveness of EMDR therapy depends on various factors, including the individual’s specific needs and readiness for therapy. Seeking guidance from a qualified EMDR therapist or mental health professional can help determine the appropriateness and potential effectiveness of EMDR therapy for your situation.

EMDR Meaning Fact Sheet

EMDR Therapy Meaning

EMDR definition stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy. It is a psychotherapeutic approach that helps individuals process and heal from traumatic experiences and other distressing life events by using bilateral stimulation and focused attention to facilitate the reprocessing of memories and alleviate associated symptoms.

EMDR Trauma Therapy

EMDR trauma therapy is known for its effectiveness in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has also been used to address other trauma-related conditions and symptoms, including anxiety, depression, phobias, and emotional dysregulation.

The duration and number of EMDR sessions are determined by the individual’s specific needs and the complexity of the trauma. It is typically delivered within a broader treatment framework that includes establishing safety, building coping skills, and addressing other aspects of the individual’s mental health and well-being.

Brainspotting vs EMDR

Brainspotting and EMDR are therapeutic approaches that address trauma and other psychological difficulties. While EMDR primarily utilizes bilateral stimulation and eye movements, Brainspotting focuses on the individual’s visual field and internal somatic experience to identify and process unresolved trauma, often without the requirement of specific eye movements.

Both techniques have shown effectiveness, and the choice between them may depend on the individual’s preferences and needs and the therapist’s expertise.

EMDR for PTSD

EMDR PTSD therapy is a widely recognized and evidence-based treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD, such as intrusive memories, flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance, and hyperarousal, by helping individuals reprocess traumatic memories and integrate them into their overall life experience in a more adaptive way.

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EMDR Therapy and Mental Health Statistics

Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in treating various mental health conditions, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research indicates that EMDR can significantly reduce symptoms and improve psychological well-being.


7.7 Million

Roughly 7.7 million adults in the US are affected by PTSD in any given year. However, not all individuals with PTSD seek formal treatment.

Source: NIMH

51.5 Million

In 2019, an estimated 51.5 million adults (approximately 20.6% of the adult population) in the US received mental health treatment or counseling.

Source: SAMHSA

45%

In 2021, about 45% of adults with a mental illness did not receive mental health services or treatment.

Source: MHA


How Common is EMDR Therapy?

EMDR therapy has gained recognition and popularity, particularly for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma-related conditions. It is considered one of the evidence-based treatments for PTSD. It has been endorsed by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Its effectiveness and growing body of research have contributed to its increasing utilization.

The exact prevalence of EMDR therapy usage in the United States or globally is not readily available. However, as a recognized and established treatment, it is offered by many mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, therapists, and counselors specializing in trauma therapy.

The availability and utilization of EMDR therapy may vary across regions and mental health practices. The best way to determine the availability of EMDR therapy in a specific area or setting would be to consult local mental health directories or professional associations or contact mental health professionals in your region.

Despite these EMDR therapy controversies, many mental health professionals and organizations endorse and utilize EMDR as a valuable treatment option for trauma and related conditions. Ongoing research and professional guidelines continue to shape the understanding and application of EMDR in clinical practice.
Despite these EMDR therapy controversies, many mental health professionals and organizations endorse and utilize EMDR as a valuable treatment option for trauma and related conditions. Ongoing research and professional guidelines continue to shape the understanding and application of EMDR in clinical practice.

Why is EMDR So Controversial?

EMDR therapy has garnered some controversy, although it has also gained recognition and support within the mental health field. Here are a few reasons why EMDR has been subject to debate:

  • Lack of Clear Mechanism: The precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying EMDR are still not fully understood. This has led to skepticism and criticism from some who question its efficacy and view it as pseudoscience.
  • Eye Movement Component: The eye movement component of EMDR has been a particular focus of controversy. Some argue that eye movements are unnecessary and that any observed benefits of EMDR can be attributed to other therapeutic elements, such as exposure therapy or cognitive restructuring.
  • Limited Empirical Evidence: While EMDR has effectively treated PTSD and trauma-related conditions, some critics argue that the evidence base is not as robust as other established therapies. They call for more high-quality research to support its efficacy.
  • Varied Practice Standards: The lack of standardized protocols and varying levels of training and expertise among practitioners have raised concerns about the quality and consistency of EMDR treatment delivery.

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What are the steps to EMDR treatment?

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy typically involves eight distinct treatment phases that guide the therapy process. Here is an in-depth overview of these phases:

  • History Taking: In this initial phase, the therapist gathers comprehensive information about the client’s history, including trauma experiences, symptoms, and current functioning. This assessment helps establish treatment goals and develop a suitable treatment plan.
  • Preparation: This phase includes teaching relaxation techniques and establishing emotional regulation strategies to ensure the client feels safe and prepared for the subsequent steps.
  • Assessment: The therapist and client identify specific target memories or traumatic events to address during EMDR therapy. These targets are selected based on their relevance to the client’s distressing symptoms and the overall treatment goals.
  • Desensitization: This phase involves the actual reprocessing of the targeted memories. The client holds the traumatic memory in mind while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as following the therapist’s finger movements or listening to alternating sounds. This process facilitates the adaptive processing of the traumatic memory, integrating new and more positive associations.
  • Installation: The installation phase focuses on enhancing positive beliefs and self-perceptions that counteract the negative thoughts associated with the traumatic memory. Through repeated sets of bilateral stimulation, the client strengthens the positive cognitions to replace the negative beliefs and emotions linked to the trauma.
  • Body Scan: The therapist guides the client in checking for any residual distress in the body related to the traumatic memory. This phase helps identify and process any remaining sensations or emotions needing further attention and reprocessing.
  • Closure: At the end of each session, the therapist ensures the client is emotionally stable and helps them transition back to a state of relaxation. Closure techniques are employed to create a sense of safety and containment until the next session.
  • Reevaluation: The reevaluation phase occurs at the beginning of subsequent sessions. The therapist and client assess progress, identify new targets, and determine the ongoing treatment direction. This phase allows flexibility in adapting the treatment plan based on the client’s needs.
Each phase's exact sequence and duration may vary based on the client's specific circumstances and treatment progress. The therapist tailors the treatment to the individual's needs, ensuring a collaborative and client-centered approach throughout the EMDR therapy process.
Each phase’s exact sequence and duration may vary based on the client’s specific circumstances and treatment progress. The therapist tailors the treatment to the individual’s needs, ensuring a collaborative and client-centered approach throughout the EMDR therapy process.

Dangers of EMDR Therapy

EMDR therapy is generally considered safe when conducted by trained and licensed mental health professionals. However, as with any therapeutic intervention, there are potential risks and considerations to be aware of:

  • Emotional Distress: EMDR therapy may bring up intense emotions and memories related to traumatic experiences.
  • Initial Increase in Symptoms: In some cases, EMDR therapy can temporarily exacerbate symptoms before improvement occurs. This may include heightened anxiety, nightmares, or intrusive thoughts.
  • Lack of Regulation: EMDR therapy, like any form of treatment, is regulated by professional organizations and licensing boards. It is essential to seek treatment from a qualified and licensed therapist who has received proper training in EMDR to ensure safe and effective therapy.
  • Misapplication or Inadequate Training: Improper application or inadequate training in EMDR therapy can potentially lead to ineffective treatment or adverse outcomes. It is crucial to choose a therapist who has received proper certification and has experience working with trauma and EMDR therapy.
  • Potential for False Memories: During EMDR therapy, memories can be recalled and reprocessed. However, it is essential to recognize that memories can be fallible and subject to distortion. Therapists should exercise caution and use appropriate techniques to minimize the risk of creating false memories.

It’s crucial to discuss any concerns or potential risks with a qualified EMDR therapist to address individual circumstances and ensure the appropriateness of EMDR therapy for your specific needs.

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When Should I Get EMDR Therapy and Mental Health Care?

Deciding when to pursue EMDR therapy and mental health care is a personal decision that depends on your circumstances and needs. However, there are certain situations where seeking EMDR therapy and mental health care can be beneficial. Suppose you have experienced a traumatic event, such as physical or sexual assault, accidents, natural disasters, or witnessing violence. In that case, EMDR therapy can be particularly helpful in processing and healing from these experiences. It can assist in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and other trauma-related conditions.

Remember that EMDR therapy and mental health care are not limited to specific situations or conditions. If you are experiencing emotional distress, difficulty managing daily life, or struggling with mental health concerns, seeking therapy can be beneficial. A mental health professional can assess your needs, provide a proper diagnosis if applicable, and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include EMDR therapy or other evidence-based therapies.

How To Find EMDR Therapy Near Me?

Connect with We Level Up for EMDR treatment options. We can help you explore mental health treatment options based on your situation. Discover We Level Up’s EMDR therapy near me center and other local mental health facilities to choose from:

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To find “EMDR near me,” you can consider the following steps:

  • Online Directories: Utilize online directories of mental health professionals that allow you to search specifically for EMDR therapists in your area.
  • Referrals: Ask for referrals from your primary care physician, psychiatrist, or other mental health professionals you trust. They may be familiar with EMDR therapists in your area and can provide recommendations based on your specific needs.
  • Professional Associations: Contact professional associations or organizations specializing in EMDR therapy, such as the EMDR International Association (EMDRIA). They often provide resources and directories to help you find EMDR therapists in your region.
  • Insurance Provider: If you have health insurance, check your insurance provider’s directory or contact their customer service to inquire about EMDR therapists covered under your plan. This can help narrow your options and ensure your insurance covers the therapy.
  • Local Mental Health Resources: Contact local mental health clinics, community health centers, or counseling centers. They may have EMDR therapists on staff or be able to provide recommendations for EMDR therapists in the community.

When choosing an EMDR therapist, consider factors such as their qualifications, experience, expertise in trauma therapy, and compatibility with your needs and preferences. Verifying their credentials and ensuring they are licensed mental health professionals is also crucial.

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Top 5 EMDR Therapy Definitions & Questions

  1. What does EMDR stand for?

    EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. It is a psychotherapy technique developed by psychologist Dr. Francine Shapiro that incorporates bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements, to help people process and recover from traumatic experiences.

  2. What is EMDR, and how does it work?

    EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a psychotherapy approach that helps individuals process and heal from traumatic or distressing experiences. It involves guided eye movements or other forms of bilateral stimulation while focusing on specific memories or emotions, allowing the brain to reprocess the information and alleviate associated distress, leading to resolution and symptom reduction.

  3. How does EMDR work?

    EMDR works by guiding individuals to recall distressing memories or experiences while engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as following the therapist’s finger movements or listening to alternating sounds. This bilateral stimulation helps stimulate both brain hemispheres, facilitating the reprocessing of traumatic memories and enabling the integration of new, adaptive information, leading to reduced emotional distress and symptom improvement.

  4. What are EMDR tappers?

    EMDR tappers, or bilateral stimulation devices, are handheld devices that provide rhythmic tactile or auditory stimulation to facilitate bilateral stimulation during EMDR therapy. They are often in the form of vibrating pulses or small devices that emit alternating sounds, and they are used to replicate the bilateral stimulation that occurs naturally through eye movements in traditional EMDR therapy.

  5. How to find an EMDR therapist near me?

    To find “EMDR therapists near me,” you can start by searching online directories of mental health professionals or therapist databases that specialize in EMDR therapy. Moreover, you may consider contacting local mental health organizations, requesting referrals from your primary care physician, or seeking recommendations from friends, family, or support groups who have undergone EMDR therapy.

How to Improve Mental Health? 8 Steps & Tips for Maintaining Your Mental Well-Being

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is an evidence-based psychotherapy approach that effectively improves mental health. It is mainly known for successfully treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Still, it has also shown promising results in other mental health illnesses such as anxiety, depression, and phobias.

By targeting and reprocessing distressing memories or experiences, EMDR therapy can help individuals process trauma, reduce symptoms, and foster emotional healing and resilience. Still, besides science-based treatments, there are simple things you can do to help improve your mental health.

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  • Staying Positive.
  • Practicing Gratitude.
  • Taking Care of Your Physical Health.
  • Connecting With Others.
  • Developing a Sense of Meaning and Purpose in Life.
  • Developing Coping Skills.
  • Meditation.
  • Relaxation Techniques.

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The We Level Up treatment center does offer Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. We also provide a range of trauma treatment therapies. These therapies are intended to support individuals in their healing and recovery journey from traumatic experiences. It is essential to consult with a qualified mental health professional to determine the most appropriate treatment options for your specific needs. Treatment therapies are subject to change and continuously evolve to deliver best practices and patient outcomes. Please call us to verify and learn about a particular therapy program of interest.

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Sources

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[2] Shapiro F. The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. Perm J. 2014 Winter;18(1):71-7. Doi 10.7812/TPP/13-098. PMID: 24626074; PMCID: PMC3951033.

[3] EYE MOVEMENT REPROCESSING AND DESENSITIZATION (EMDR) THERAPY – https://claycountymn.gov/1606/EMDR

[4] Evaluation of Desensitization Therapy and Re-treatment of Eye Movement Information [EMDR] in Patients With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD] (ICE-EMDR) – Clinical Trials (.gov)

[5] Menon SB, Jayan C. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: a conceptual framework. Indian J Psychol Med. 2010 Jul;32(2):136-40. Doi 10.4103/0253-7176.78512. PMID: 21716864; PMCID: PMC3122545.

[6] Wilson G, Farrell D, Barron I, Hutchins J, Whybrow D, Kiernan MD. The Use of Eye-Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in Treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-A Systematic Narrative Review. Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 6;9:923. Doi 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00923. PMID: 29928250; PMCID: PMC5997931.

[7] Program Profile: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for Traumatized Young Women – Office of Justice Programs (.gov)

[8] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) – https://dsamh-training.utah.gov/_documents/VirtualTraumaAcademy/2022/YassiKeshavarz_EMDR_UTA2022.pdf

[9] Study of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Working Mechanism – Clinical Trials (.gov)

[10] Trauma-Informed Care – https://dmh.mo.gov/trauma-informed-care