DEA Drug Fact Sheet: Methadone

What is Methadone? 

Methadone is a synthetic (man-made) narcotic.

Origin and History

• Development: German scientists synthesized methadone during World War II due to a shortage of morphine.
• Introduction to U.S.: It was introduced into the United States in 1947 as an analgesic under the trade name Dolophine®.

Appearance and Forms

Methadone is available as a tablet, oral solution, or injectable liquid.

• Tablets: Available in 5 mg and 10 mg formulations.
• 40 mg Dispersible Tablets: As of January 1, 2008, manufacturers restricted the distribution of 40 mg tablets to only facilities authorized for detoxification and maintenance treatment of opioid addiction, and hospitals.
• Common Street Names: Amidone, Chocolate Chip Cookies, Fizzies (when mixed with MDMA), and Wafer.

Methods of Abuse

Methadone is typically abused by:

• Swallowing (oral ingestion).
• Injection.

Effects of Use

Effect on the Mind

Abuse of methadone can lead to significant psychological dependence.

Effect on the Body

When an individual uses methadone, they may experience physical symptoms such as:

• Sweating and itchy skin.
• Sleepiness.
• Development of tolerance and physical dependence.

Withdrawal Symptoms

When use is stopped, individuals may experience:

• Anxiety and muscle tremors.
• Nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.
• Abdominal cramps.

Overdose Effects

The effects of a methadone overdose are severe and can include:

• Slow and shallow breathing.
• Blue fingernails and lips (cyanosis).
• Stomach spasms and a weak pulse.
• Clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and possible death.

Similar Substances

Although chemically different from morphine or heroin, methadone produces many of the same effects as these opioids.

Legal Status in the United States

• Classification: Methadone is a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act.
• Regulation: While it may legally be used under a doctor’s supervision for pain management or addiction treatment, its non-medical use is illegal.