What Does Heroin Do To The Brain?

How Does Heroin Affect The Brain?

The opioid crisis is devastating America. Overdoses have become the leading cause of death for Americans under 55. The opioid epidemic has killed more people than H.I.V. at the peak of that disease, and its death toll exceeds those of the wars in Iraq and Vietnam combined. Funerals for young people have become common. Every eleven minutes, another life is lost. This begs the question – what does heroin do to the brain? Why do so many people start using these drugs? Why don’t they stop?

Heroin releases excessive amounts of dopamine in the brain. This depletes neurotransmitters of brain chemicals and teaches the brain that it needs heroin to function. This causes withdrawal in the absence of heroin and can lead to mental disorder symptoms of anxiety and depression. Heroin can also cause frontal lobe damage, which impacts attention, memory, and spatial awareness.

Excessive use of heroin can cause a lack of oxygen to the brain leading to overdose and long-term effects on movement, vision, mood, and other vital functions. In addition, more severe heroin overdoses may cause a person to stop breathing entirely, triggering even more severe brain damage. In this case, the effects are similar to a stroke. Depending on the area of the brain deprived of oxygen, a person may have a wide range of symptoms, including:

Heroin Can Create Long-Term Imbalances In The Brain

What does heroin do to the brain? Long-term use of heroin can change the physical structure of your brain, which throws hormonal and neurological systems out of balance. Reduced sex hormones as a result of heroin use can cause chronic fatigue, depression, loss of muscle mass, and osteoporosis. Hypogonadism, or a failure of the ovaries in women and gonads and testes in men, is another side effect of chronic heroin abuse. Neurological imbalance can cause genetic disorders, strokes, infections, seizures, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Even though you can reverse some hormonal and neurological imbalances, others are irreversible or may be difficult to treat even after you stop using heroin.

What Does Heroin Do To The Brain? Link Between Heroin and Dopamine

There are many factors that go into whether an individual who experiments with heroin will continue to take them long enough to become addicted. For individuals who do continue on that path, they do so because heroin provides intense feelings of pleasure and euphoria.

When an opioid-based drug such as heroin travels through the bloodstream to the brain, the chemicals in the drug attach to opioid receptors and specialized proteins. The bonding of these chemicals to the receptors triggers the same biochemical reaction that gives individuals a feeling of pleasure when they engage in activities, such as sex or eating. Heroin abuse activates the midbrain reward system. This system generates signals in the part of the brain that result in the release of the brain chemical called dopamine.

The release of dopamine is what causes feelings of euphoria. In other words, the brain is flooded with dopamine, causing pleasure. These feelings are so intense that they start to train the brain that they are superior to those that occur naturally. This reinforces that the brain should continue to seek heroin more and more until the brain starts to prefer these effects to anything else.

Signs and Symptoms of Heroin Addiction 

Heroin is a highly addictive street drug that can literally ruin a user’s life in a matter of days. In just a single dose of heroin, the body adjusts to the drug and craves more. Users can experience withdrawal symptoms after just seventy-two hours of heroin use. Chronic use is often responsible for intense cravings, strong physical dependence, and severe withdrawal symptoms.

If you suspect that someone you know may be struggling with heroin addiction, consider the following signs that help is needed:

Needle Marks – heroin users commonly inject heroin using transdermal needles. The needles are responsible for track or needle marks on the legs, arms, or other areas of the body. These needle marks may become infected and inflamed and may appear as boils or deep tissue infections beneath the skin.

Isolation – Heroin abuse is usually responsible for extreme isolation from loved ones. As the heroin user dives deeper into a state of addiction, isolation from family members and friends becomes more common and noticeable.

Withdrawal Symptoms – one of the most prominent signs of heroin addiction is the withdrawal symptoms that a user will experience when he or she is quitting taking heroin. Withdrawal symptoms can include nausea and vomiting, anxiety, diarrhea, tension, and anger.

Tolerance – Chronic heroin use can quickly lead to an increase in tolerance to this drug. The heroin user will soon need excessively larger doses or more frequent doses in order to curb withdrawal symptoms and keep cravings at bay.

Excessive Spending – Suffering from unexplainable financial struggles or overspending is one of the first signs of heroin addiction that family members or friends will notice. The user often spends all of his or her money on heroin and cannot explain the reason for their financial struggles.

Early on, there may be no symptoms of heroin addiction, also known as opioid use disorder, especially if the person is going to great lengths to hide their use. As heroin use increases, it can get harder to hide. Symptoms of heroin use can include:

Heroin Addiction Treatment Center

Heroin addiction is a chronic disease and should be treated the same as other chronic diseases. Like those, it should constantly be monitored and managed. Heroin is a type of opioid. Opioid addiction treatment is different for each individual. The main purpose of opioid addiction treatment is to help the person stop using the drug. Opioid addiction treatment also can help the person avoid using it again in the future.

The body does go through specific symptom stages known as the opioid withdrawal timeline. The opioid withdrawal timeline varies from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the type of opioid that was used, how long it was used, and any other substances that may have been used in conjunction with opioids as well. Medically managed withdrawal opioid detox ensures the individual remains safe and stays as comfortable as possible.

Detox Treatment

The first step in treatment is medical detox. It will help you navigate the complicated withdrawal process, but it doesn’t address patterns of thought and behavior that contribute to heroin abuse. Various treatment approaches and settings can help provide the ongoing support necessary to maintain long-term sobriety after you complete detox.

Cravings are very common during detox and can be challenging to overcome. This often leads to relapse. Constant medical care provided during inpatient treatment helps prevent relapse. Clinicians can provide necessary medication and medical expertise to lessen cravings and the effects of withdrawals.

Psychotherapy

Several different modalities of psychotherapy have been used in the treatment of depression, including:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – is an effective treatment that involves making changes in both the patterns of negative thoughts and the behavioral routines which are affecting the daily life of the depressed person for various forms of depression. 
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy – is a comprehensive mental health and substance abuse treatment program whose ultimate goal is to aid patients in their efforts to build a life worth living. The main goal of DBT is to help a person develop what is referred to as a “clear mind.” 
• Person-Centered Therapy – is a strategy that allows and encourages clients to understand and resolve their concerns in a safe, supportive environment.

Dual Diagnosis Treatment

Substance abuse and mental health disorders often co-occur. In many cases, traumatic experiences can result in a mental health disorder and substance abuse. Dual diagnosis programs treat both of these issues together. The best approach for the treatment of dual diagnosis is an integrated system. In this strategy, both the substance abuse problem and the mental disorder are treated simultaneously. Regardless of which diagnosis (mental health or substance abuse problem) came first, long-term recovery will depend largely on the treatment for both disorders done by the same team or provider.

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